Pride And Bride And Prejudice - 908 Words

What makes the Movie Pride and Prejudice so different from Bride and Prejudice? In the movie Pride and Bride the mothers are pushing and trying to get their daughters married to save the girls from being poor and homeless after the father passes away. The mothers are going to get one of the daughters married no matter what it takes, preferably the eldest daughters. This is a contrast essay that will only contrast the differences between the two movies. Pride and Bride are different based on the times and settings, characters, and the outcome of the scene where Wickham runs off with the younger daughter and what he seeks for in Pride unlike Bride. In Pride the settings are in the 1900’s, In England. Based on this time and setting, the women are more respectable of their appearances and have to show as less skin as possible. The communication is based off letters, and actually speaking to one another. They use horses, and carriages as a way of transportation, and never really travel outside of their country, they are more family orientated. Unlike in Bride, the movie is set in India, based off of the 2000’s. The girls are freer to show skin and act how they want as long as they are not going overboard with dressing in a way that will shun their mother and father. Bride uses telephones and emails as a way of talking to other people. Their transportation is not carriages and horses they actually use a different way to get around town like cars. Balraj says, â€Å"You should come toShow MoreRelatedPride and Prejudice V Bride and Prejudice1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthis prejudiced society through Pride and Prejudice, which involved the role of women as a major, governing over their marriages for economic sustainability and their lack of authority. Austens controversial novel was adapted into a feature film which presented the real and gritty society as how it truly was during the time of Regency England; before the adaptation was released, Austens work was paralleled in 20th century India as the transformation, Bride and Prejudice. These films realise for theirRead MorePride And Prejudice V Bride And Prejudice Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesthis prejudiced society through Pride and Prejudice, which involved the role of women as a major, governing over their marriages for economic sustainability and their lack of authority. Austens controversial novel was adapted into a feature film which presented the real and gritty society as how it truly was during the time of Regency England; before the adaptation was released, Austens work was paralleled in 20th century India as the transformation, Bride and Prejudice. These films realise for theirRead MoreEthnocentrism Across Cultures: Film Analysis of Bride and Prejudice827 Words   |  3 PagesBride and Prejudice and Ethnocentrism Across Cultures People who travel abroad always have a better understanding of what it means to meet new cultures and the experience of living in culturally different societies. While visiting a different society might be ideal, as a first step one may watch a foreign film that describes peculiarities of a different culture we are not familiar with. In this paper, I will discuss my experience of watching such a movie. The film I chose for this task is BrideRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesComparison essay Comparison essay Compare the relationships in Romeo and Juliet and pride and prejudice BOTH CHARACTERS (Juliet and Elizabeth ) PRESENT THEIR LOVE AND EFFECTION TO THEIR LOVE ONES BY APPROACHING THEM IN A FORMAL MANNER. â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet†. Juliet This means Juliet is asking, in allusion to the feud between her Capulet family and Romeo’sRead MoreEqual Engagement: In Marriage and Between Cultures Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice illuminates a social courtship between the proud Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy and the shrewd, unconventional Miss Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth is proud of her own identity. She astutely justifies herself as â€Å"a gentleman’s daughter† (Austen 337) in her confrontation with the prejudiced and class-conscious Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy, who shares Elizabeth’s sharp tongue, comes from a family of high social status; his privileged upbringing instilledRead MoreJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte1124 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice were written in consecutive literary eras. Pride and Prejudice was written prior to Jane Eyre; Pride and Prejudice was written during the Regency Period and Jane Eyre was written in the Victorian Era (Kalikoff, Chin-Yi). Elizabeth, from Pride and Prejudice, marries a man named Mr. Darcy who was of a higher social class. Jane Eyre marries Rochester after she gains wealth from her uncle so their classes are equal. Marriage was the survival tool for women; women wouldRead MoreRomance is in the Air1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin which most are based on class ranking and how it affects lovers shows this in her novel Pride and Prejudice. In this novel characters deal with situations in a way that fits the time frame. Her conclusions are not what most predict, overcoming the important standards of the time period making it one of a kind in a genre of many works. The mixture of aristocracy, rank, and gender makes Pride and Prejudice fit into the era. Aristocracy helped to put people in their place by creatingRead MoreEssay about Pride and Prejudice767 Words   |  4 PagesParis. Juliet takes her mothers line – â€Å"The County Paris, at Saint Peter’s Church shall happily make you there a joyful bride.† And changes it to a negative, responding to her mother with – â€Å"By Saint Peter’s Church and Peter too, he shall not make me there a joyful bride.† This shows Juliet is completely against marrying Paris and does not agree that he will make her a ‘Joyful bride’. At this point Juliet’s mother is outwitted by Juliet’s intelligence and responds with â€Å"Here comes your father. TellRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice2030 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I have found the one whom my soul loves.† Men and women, since the beginning of time, have always dreamed of quoting this line. People show and express love in all sort of ways and for numerous reasons. As seen in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, men and women in the 19th century expressed their love for one another very differently than we do today. American society’s views on love have emerged into something completely different than what they were two hundred years ago. The formal courtshipRead More How Elizabeth Bennet is used by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice1501 Words   |  7 PagesHow Elizabeth Bennet is used by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice as a form of social protest In the society of Jane Austens day it was imperative that a woman married a suitable husband in order for them to live comfortably and improve the social standing and wealth of her family. Women in high society did not work and so it was vital that they married well. This situation is best summed up in the book by Jane Austen as we are given an insight as to the motives of Elizabeths sister Charlotte

Domestic Violence ( Dv ) Essay - 1839 Words

Domestic violence(DV) has been described by World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) as the Infliction of physical, sexual or mental harm, including coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. DV involves a range of behaviors that may be characterized by physical violence, coercive behaviors, emotional abuse and controlling. DV has no straightforward linear causes but there are a number of well-documented risk factors and associations. This public health problem affects women from all cultural background. Evidence has shown that both current and past IPV are associated with immediate and long-term physical and mental health problems (Ghandour, Campbell Lloyd, 2015). Literature review. The first step in tackling the issue of domestic violence is knowing the cause. Using an exploratory qualitative research study, Trigueiro Labronici, (2011) identified the risk factors that generate domestic violence. During the period of December 2010 to February 2011, eight women who lived in an Institutional Housing Service in the city of Curitiba / PR were interviewed. The interview was conducted in an individualized semi-structured manner that allowed for the full record. The results were analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). TCA is a four stage process: analysis organization, coding, categorizing and inference. At physical, patrimonial and psychological level, one main core factor that emerged as a risk factor for DV was chemical dependence. The chemical could be in theShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence ( Dv )987 Words   |  4 PagesNeeds Statement: Domestic violence (DV), also known as intimate partner violence, is a pattern of abusive behavior that keeps one partner in a position of power over the other through the use of fear, intimidation and control. DV is a cultural and societal problem, and not a women’s problem or a men’s problem as many people come to believe. The problem also stems from the lack of adequate and consistent training for persons helping survivors escape their situation. Therefore, the solution to preventRead MoreDomestic Violence(Dv) Is A Serious And Grave Concern, Not1617 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence(DV) is a serious and grave concern, not only in the United States but also around the world. It occurs when an intimate partner expends control and sovereignty through physical, mental, sexual and emotional abuse thereby resulting in physical and psychological trauma of the victim. There has been an alarming increase in the occurrence of DV in social media and literary work being produced today and this has resulted in it getting a lot of attention. According to population surveysRead MoreDomestic Violence ( Dv ) And How It Has Been Portrayed As A Male Gender Issue1286 Words   |  6 Pag esis about Domestic Violence (DV) and how it has been portrayed as a male gender issue through media, government, and leading organisations against DV; both internationally and within Australia. The researchers’ concerns are that DV organisations add fuel to the fire by using shock tactics and manipulated statistics, hoping to gain funding for their feminist causes. The article produces facts and figures from International and Australian surveys that support the fact that Domestic Violence is on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what mo st consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence is a Global Issue1347 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although thereRead MoreThe Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence (WSCADV, n.d.) provides training for advocates of domestic violence (DV) survivors and their families. This paper reflects my experiences as I worked through the first th ree sections of training: the history of the DV movement; the key requirements of DV advocacy; and safety planning. The primary thread throughout the training sections is the importance of providing advocacy based on survivor-empowerment and meeting clients where they are.Read MoreDifferent Types Of Domestic Violence1595 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify different types of domestic violence that exist within the American society as well as within other cultures. Domestic violence is defined as abuse that is caused by aggressive behaviors, generally towards a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship. There are different forms of domestic violence that occur to people on a daily basis, and this violence exist mostly amongst women, but does not exclude the fact that there are men that fall victim to domestic violence as well. Throughout thisRead MoreThe Implication Of The Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence Theory Among Three Generations?1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthe correlat ion of the children who exposed to DV and childhood mental health, they found children who have exposed to DV have a higher risk of developing PTSD than the ones who never had any exposure to DV. The researchers implied that these PTSD symptoms may persist into early adolescence or later on into their adulthood. Furthermore, they recognized that children who show more symptoms of depression and anxiety were the ones that have exposed to DV multiple times. National Institute of Mental HealthRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesIntro Domestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. What most people don’t know is that is also the single largest cause of violence in United States (Sherman, Schmidt, Rogan,1992). Unfortunately, public outcry has only come in the aftermath of high profile cases being magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in lineRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence Against Women1497 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last 50 years the world has made huge strides against the issue of domestic violence against women. While this may seem like a great moral victory for us as a society we have a long way to go before the issue is under control. The very image of a man striking a woman immediately strikes a chord with most of us, causing great discomfort. If we switch the roles however the same proverbial chord l ies there dormant. In fact when a man is struck in a movie by a woman it is often displayed

Heavy Metal Music Free Essays

Imagine, if you will, being surrounded by millions of people, waiting in anticipation for the band to come on. You can’t breathe because the people are being squeezed into you by their neighbors. You are sweating, trying to catch every bit of oxygen you can from the air, while others are jumping up and down, hitting you as they wait for the band. We will write a custom essay sample on Heavy Metal Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the band comes on stage and you are excited, and they start with: (play music here). This, is what heavy metal music is all about. I have been listening to heavy metal music since I was an infant. My first CD was Metallica’s Master of Puppets CD that my dad let me have. I have researched many heavy metal bands as the years have gone by. I know what you are thinking, what does heavy metal music have to do with me? Well, metal music is all around you. You can walk down the street and hear someone’s radio playing it. You can hear it in some rap songs, like; â€Å"Bring the Noize† by Public Enemy with Anthrax, and â€Å"Let’s Go† by Trick Daddy who took the intro of â€Å"Crazy Train† by Ozzy Osbourne, and put a beat over it. You can even hear it in country music from Cross Canadian Ragweed as they took a solo by heavy metal guitarist Dimebag Darrell and put it in their song, â€Å"Dimebag.† Heavy metal music is one of the most copied genres of music out there. Today I am going to tell you about what heavy metal really is, the beginning of heavy metal, and the impact that heavy metal has had on today’s society. First, what is heavy metal music? Dee Snider, the spokesman of all that is heavy metal, defines metal as, â€Å"Drum-pounding-, bass-booming-, guitar-distorted-, and singer-belting-music.† That is the worldwide definition of heavy metal. Heavy metal brings together three genres of music, blues, psychedelic rock, and classical music. Early bands included keyboards, or organs, into their music, but recent bands have gone away from using the keyboard. Heavy metal usually, but not always, contains a single formula. A drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not play some kind of instrument. With this formula, it is obvious that their music is purely based on the instruments. A heavy metal drummer uses a larger drum setup than most other rock genres. The singer of the heavy metal band is very important, equally important as the guitarists. The singers can have a large vocal range, like that of Ronnie James Dio of the band Rainbow, or they can be mellow like that of James Hetfield of Metallica. The guitarists’ high distortion is the key to metal music. This gives it the heavy metal â€Å"sound.† Also, unlike many other genres of rock, the bassist is important to the band. It is not uncommon to hear a bassist throw in his/her own solo into the song. As a whole, the band uses very high volume. The louder the music, the better. Now that you know what heavy metal is, I will tell you about the beginning of it. The start of metal can be very confusing. For instance, Deena Weinstein, in her book, Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture, credited Black Sabbath with the start of heavy metal, but this is not entirely true. Carlos M. Pozo, in his book Caucasion Power Blues, wrote, â€Å"Blue Cheer’s cover of â€Å"Summertime Blues† by Eddie Cochrane, is the first heavy metal song.† â€Å"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida† by Iron Butterfly is another one of the earliest heavy metal songs. Then, in 1969, came Black Sabbath. At about the same time as Sabbath, another big metal band emerged. This band went by the name of Led Zeppelin. Even though these two bands did not start heavy metal, they brought it to the public. Sabbath and Zeppelin are two of the most popular rock, let alone heavy metal, bands of all time. They faced much criticism at first, but as more people hated them, others started loving them. These people were the â€Å"rebels†, the ones that did not want to listen to their parents because it was their lives, not their parents’. Because of these â€Å"rebels,† heavy metal’s popularity has grown drastically over the years. Regardless of what their parents said, they continued buying heavy metal albums, sometimes they even bought more than usual, in spite of their parents. This sparked rise of heavy metal in later years. That is how heavy metal began, now it is time to learn about the impact it has had on society. Heavy metal has had a drastic impact on society today. According to Encyclopedia Metallica, which is an online website that displays news about Metallica, â€Å"All Metallica albums are banned in Jordan because newspapers called them â€Å"satanists† and â€Å"devil-worshipers.† People were listening to Metallica and destroying things around town, so they had to ban Metallica. During the ’80s, parents disliked the heavy metal music so much, they decided to try to get some kind of warning on the albums. This resulted in the Parental Advisory sticker on every explicit CD you see today. This is not the only impact that heavy metal music has had. In 1990, heavy metal band, Judas Priest, were sued because the parents of James Vance, and Ray Belknap believed that Priest’s music contained subliminal messages that forced these two men to commit suicide. It was found that these two men were highly suicidal before finding Judas Priest, therefore, Priest were found innocent. This is, yet, another situation where the parents dislike heavy metal so much, that they blame the bands for the death of their children. Sadly, this is a recurring action taken by the parents that will not stop until the hate of heavy metal music is gone, which will not happen any time soon. This is the impact that heavy metal has had on society. Heavy metal music has been alive since the ’60s. Even though Black Sabbath are credited with being the first worldwide popular heavy metal band, they did not start it. Heavy metal has become quite popular since it began, and has changed society from day one. So, today you learned what heavy metal music is, about the beginning of heavy metal, and it’s impact on society. So, I leave you with a quote from AC/DC, â€Å"For those about to rock, we salute you!† How to cite Heavy Metal Music, Papers

This is a music review of Arjonas song free essay sample

In 1996, Argon wrote the song CICS el Norte Fear el Sure (If the North were the South), In which he expresses a subjective, yet truthful point of view of what the North American culture Is; and how It could change If we exchange places with the South. In this song, Argon uses many illiterately techniques such as irony and analogies; Argon also adds a type of hardcore rock and an interesting use of the electric guitar. There are many literally elements that this song has, but the main element is the plot or theme of the song, which is pretty straight and to the point.OSI el Norte Fear el Sure (If the North were the South);s main plot is a story of how the North could experience all the social struggles that the South Americans countries have to deal with, if as the songs]s title suggest D. OSI el Norte Fear el Sure (If the North were the South). We will write a custom essay sample on This is a music review of Arjonas song or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main plot is divided into three stages; the first stage is the introduction, in which Argon gives a subjective opinion of what the North really is all about.Then, he moves to the second stage or the body of the song; during this stage Argon mentions a series of well known North American personages and situations that help him establish his exchange of geography. Finally, the third stage or conclusion is when Argon really say what the bottom line of all this is; the fact that nothing will really change. Richard Argon is well known for the rich content of literally elements in his lyrics, especially for the touch of irony and analogies. ;Con 18 Ares UN nine Para UN dragon en algal bar, peer way Ares dodo UN hombre pa la guard y pa mater. (With 18, you are only a boy for a drink In some bar, but you are already a man to go toward and to kill), this is a perfect example of an irony of living in the united States, in which at the age of 18 you cannot legally drink, yet you are allow to receive combat training to kill someone. In the songs chorus, Argon says Deal dibble la Georgia SE cabaret lass orangeroots (The hell with geography, there arent any borders left), the truth Is that borders soul exist, but he wasnt]t talking about a literally border: Ar]non used this analogy to tell us that we are the same and that our geographic position doesnt mean anything.Richard Argon with his unique style and use of musical Instrument; he has put a type of hardcore rock rhythm, which is use to make an impression in his listener. In 1 OFF back. The rhythm started slow tempo, but strong as if he was upset with the ironies in the North. Then, the tempo began to run faster; the drums and the trumpet were rot of creating an atmosphere of excitement, it makes you feel as if you were a protestant of social inequalities.

Challenges for universal human rights

Introduction A fair number of countries around the world have been criticised for poor human rights implementation. It is essential to study them and determine why these nations have not embraced universal human principles because behind every observation is an underlying ideological or philosophical premise. At this point, one must recognise that there are two divergent ideas that exist in this matter; universalism and relativism (Freeman, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges for universal human rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Critics often argue that universal human rights contravene multicultural societies and should therefore be abandoned. However, proponents of universalism argue that humans need to constantly understand each other and also need to seek for ways of improving themselves. To abandon the very notion of universal human rights would be to accept the status quo. These diverse notions have therefore complicated the human rights agenda and need to be critically analysed. Women’s rights and circumcision The issue of female rights as analysed through female genital mutilation (FGM) in various parts of the world provides a unique platform for understanding how challenging universalism of human rights can be. Many societies in Africa and the Middle East engage in this practice; which is a fact that has generated a lot of debate around the issue. Proponents of this practice base their standpoints on three major grounds. They assert that it suppresses sexuality in women thus propagating monogamy. Conversely, it can be understood as a distinct representation of one’s cultural identity. Most individuals who hold this view are actually women who are expected to or who have gone through the practice themselves. Girls in these societies are socialised to respect marriage, so female genital mutilation becomes an important precursor to eligibility for mar riage. These women cannot be opposed to the act because if they choose to do, they may be alienated and condemned to a life of loneliness. Circumcision is a platform for identification with one’s community or kinsmen. Other supporters of the practice think of it as a symbol of beauty. The clitoris is perceived as a masculine trait so its removal would reinforce their femininity (Abusharaf, 2001). On the other hand, this practice puts its participants at serious risk of infections, infertility or even tetanus. Those who do it for religious purposes may not find support for it in their holy books such as the Quran. Female genital mutilation can also lead to painful sexual relations, death and very difficult (if not fatal) childbirths. All these effects makes it a seemingly vicious and even torturous act. It is no wonder that the United Nations considers FGM a violation of female rights (More, 2006). Such human rights groups have sought to repress or wipe out the practice altoge ther (Shute Hurley, 1993) However, the problem is that making it illegal does not necessarily make it go away.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Affected communities still need other ways of enforcing respect, femininity, social status and the like and unless the latter matters are addressed then it is likely that the custom will carry on. This means that such social-cultural concerns deeply come in the way of enforcing universal human rights. Furthermore, issues revolving around cultural continuation may also be another big impediment and these definitely minimise the possibility of eradication of such a practise. Northern versus Southern discourse Sometimes what some have categorised as a universal framework of rights may actually be a perpetuation of western hegemonic beliefs. Usually, poor countries perceive ideas from the North as a mild form of colonisation because little consideration has been given to these country’s perceptions of human rights. In fact, quite a lot of human rights assumptions are founded on an individualist notion of society. However, poorer countries often give precedence to collectivism. Their respect for group rights is normally marginalised over other individualistic concerns. (Pollis, 2006) In situations where advocates from the North are working from the South, it is common for the former to automatically assume that the latter are victims and in need of rescuing. Human rights defendants from the United States and other similar countries frequently stereotype most human rights issues in poor or developing nations by classifying them as ‘barbaric’ and in need of serious eradication (Merry, 2002). Taking on such superior stances actually comes in the way of instating true reforms. This is because prescriptive approaches never work as well as descriptive ones (Sikkink Keck, 1998). Since most emphasis has gone to transference of ideas without necessary advocating for dialogue then universality of human rights may still be a farfetched reality. Communality over universality-the case for Asia Several Asian leaders such as Lee Yew of Singapore have asserted that Asians tend to give a lot of precedence to prosperity and social stability. In such conditions, these societies may demonstrate loyalty to their authorities over personal benefits. These leaders tend to look at interpretations of human rights in the West as distinct to their economic and social backgrounds. (Freeman, 2002b). Furthermore, they believe that state interventions may sometimes be necessary in order to get these nations to where they need to be in terms of economic growth. However, one can see that authoritarian governments can take advantage of such premises to protect their oppressive rules (Glendon, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges for universal human rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, other Asian advocates have asserted that communality in Asia needs not be regarded as incompatible with universal human rights. In fact, they assert that to claim that their cultures are incompatible with rights and freedoms of others is actually taking on a racist premise (Malcontent Thakur, 2004). The distressing fact is that certain citizens in these said nations may fall victim to extensions of these state’s laws. Those governments may argue that as long as their citizens get access to basic human needs like food then the other issues (including human rights) can be covered by the state. (Jones, 1994). To this end, arguments for sovereignty, national security and the like will take primacy over proper treatment of these individuals. Advocates of the universality of human rights may therefore need to overcome such authoritarian governments in order to ensure every single human being is treated equitably. Philosophical challenges In order for societies to think of human rights universally, there must be an agreement on the philosophical basis for human rights yet this is still yet to occur. First of all, existence of universal human rights implies an endorsement of moral truths. However, not all philosophers back this kind of premise. Most happen to fall within the moral relativist school of thought. These adherents affirm that all societies are characterised by a wide array of cultures and hence beliefs or principles. Consequently, any concerns about human rights need to be made context specific so as to fully address the diverse array of believes. It is as though relativists are arguing that certain human rights can be foregone if the situation in one’s culture demanded. In this regard, moral relativism appears to be incompatible with universal human rights. As long as there exists such extreme opposition to universalism, then possibilities for the latter’s instatement are rather slim. These discourses need to be addressed in order for the latter movement to move ahead. Secondly, some critics have opposed the assumption that human rights can be regarded as moral rights on the basis of the subjective nature of morals. Since moral beliefs are created on the basis of some of the underlying subjective beliefs, then it would be unfair to try and impose one’s moral accord upon the lives of others. In this regard, the latter critics hold that universal human rights rest on the premise that there is an a priori rational moral principle where all other doctrines emerge. In deed the rationality of human rights itself can be contested.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sentimentality inherent in it cannot be ignored because most of these beliefs are actually motivated by the need to sympathise with others (Braithwaite, 1999). It is indeed difficult to set these concerns aside as they attest to the appeals behind human rights hence universal human rights for that matter. These philosophical arguments indicate that there is yet to be a morally compelling explanation for universal human rights amongst various parties thus illustrating why there are still problems in implementation. Cultural relativist concerns In order for universal human rights to triumph, then objectives by cultural relativists need to be looked at and accommodated. Holders of the latter believe that enacting a universal set of human rights would be ignoring the empirical differences inherent in human society (Tilley, 2000). There are practices and norms that fundamentally alter human rights issues. Relativists claim that political variables, cultural variables, desires and pre ferences are all essential influencers of human rights. In this regard, certain communities define their identities based on their families or their kinship ties. Therefore, these communities may find it very hard to conceptualise individual autonomy. Family worth is more important than self worth in African societies. Other Native American tribes tend to think of non tribal members as less than human (based on myths and stories of origin) and this affects their perceptions of the latter. Cultural relativists therefore tend to look at universal human rights as parties working towards dominance and imposition of their values upon others. By its very nature, cultural relativisms cannot co exist with universal concepts because it places a lot of emphasis on the need to acknowledge and hence respect diverse customs and beliefs. These differences are actually what make the world as we know it very interesting and unique. Trying to instate universal human rights would therefore be seen as a method of homogenising the world. Once again, the hegemonic concept creeps in here. Most cultural relativists say that poor countries have been oppressed from time in immemorial. In the past, these societies utilised their resources to do so (as the case is in colonialism), however, modern forms of domination are founded on cultural precepts. Universal human rights may therefore be opposed based on these grounds. (Pollis, 2002) Conclusion At the very basic level, most challenges for universal human rights are actually derived from the relativist-universalist debate. The best way of overcoming these barriers would therefore be to first acknowledge cultural diversity and then work out solutions to incorporate them into perceptions and conceptions of human rights. There is a need for tolerance in pursing these interests but most importantly, a revision of traditional understandings of human rights will need to be considered. These reconstructions could possibly put to rest arguments like western hegemonic domination and the northern –s southern discourses. References More, E. (2006). The universal declaration of human rights in today’s world. International communications journal, 11(2), 65 Abusharaf, R. (2001). Virtuous cuts, FGM in African ontology. Feminist cultural studies, 12(1), 112-140 Tilley, J. (2000). Cultural relativism. Human rights Quarterly, 22(2), 501 Merry, S. (2002). Religion, rights and community-domestic violence on the global context. Law and society review, 35(1), 39-44 Braithwaite, J. (1999). A future where punishment has been marginalised- utopian or realistic. UCLA law review, 46, 1827 Sikkink, K., Keck, M. (1998). Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics. NY: Cornell Press Freeman, M. (2002). Human rights – an interdisciplinary approach. NY: Wiley and Sons Glendon, M. (2004). Rule of law in universal human rights declarations. International human rights. North-western university journal , 2(5), 34 Malcontent. P. Thakur, R. (2004).Sovereign impunity to international accountability. NY: UN University Press Shute, S. Hurley, S. (1993). Human rights – oxford amnesty lectures. NY: Basic books Jones, P. (1994). Rights. Basingstoke? Mcmillan publishers Pollis, A. (1996). Cultural relativism revisited – through a state prism. Human rights quarterly, 18(2), 316-344 Donnelly, J. (1999). Human rights Asian values: a defence of western universalism. Cambridge: CUP Baehr, P. (1999). Human rights: universality in practise. Basingstoke: McMIllan An Naim, A. (1999). The cultural mediation of human rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University press Ignatieff, M. (1999). Human rights- the midlife crisis, New York Review, 20 May United Nations (1993). Vienna declaration of human rights. UN document. A/ Conf 157/23, 12th July Pollis, A. Schwab, P. (1982). Towards a human rights framework. NY: Praeger publishers Freeman, M. (2002b). Universality, diversity and difference: culture and human rights. Cambridge: Blackwell Pollis, A. (2002). A New Universalism, in Pollis and Schwab (eds.), Human Rights: New Perspectives, New Realities, Boulder, CO. : Rienner publishers This essay on Challenges for universal human rights was written and submitted by user Emmy H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dolphins of the Amazon River How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat essays

Dolphins of the Amazon River How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat essays Dolphins of the Amazon River: How Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis coexist in their habitat The Amazon River and its lush, beautiful forest are surely among the most amazing ecosystems in the world. The ever-present, primordial cacophony that echoed in my ears as I stood breathlessly watching saddle-backed tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) leap from tree to tree is what I will forever crave to hear again. As a biology student, I have always read about the great biodiversity of the neotropics, as the importance of habitat conservation and protection is beaten into my brain at every turn. Of course, as a naturalist, I agree with the prevailing opinion of today that our world is in dire need of help. However, I couldnt appreciate the true beauty and magic of the tropical Amazon until I was literally swimming in the middle of it, breathing in the wet, fragrant air and seeing the misting, puffing backs of the pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) circling around me. As a lover of all cetaceans, I was very interested in learning more about the dolphins of the Amazon River, but it was a surprise to find that the pink river dolphins (also called botos) are not the only species of cetacean in their habitat. Tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis) are smaller, sleeker inhabitants that share the waters with the botos, although they are also found in coastal waters of the South American Atlantic Ocean. The tucuxi looks like a miniature bottlenose dolphin, with its short beak and sleek design. It is important to make note that tucuxis are considered to be in two forms: the marine form and the freshwater form (Borobia et al. 1026). Borobia hypothesizes that the two forms, which vary for the most part in size, may be due to temperature differences, so that the marine form, as it inhabits colder seasonal temperatures than its riverine counterpart, is the larger of the two (1035). ...

No title Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No title - Case Study Example Capital investment are money used to buy long-term assets like switches that direct telephone calls making it easier to spread the cost for several years hence hiding the expenses incurred for a given period. During 2001 and the first quarter of 2002, the company counted as capital investments $3.8 billion that it spent on everyday expenses. This makes a difference because capital investments are treated differently from other expenses for accounting purposes. Capital spending is money used to buy long-lasting assets, like fiber-optic cables or switches that direct telephone calls, so the cost is spread out over several years. For example, if WorldCom spent $10 million on switches it expected to last 10 years, it would book a $1 million expense for 10 years. In contrast, if it spent $10 million on office space, it has to count all of that expense in the period in which it occurred. The company says the expenses that were counted as capital expenditures involve "line costs," which are fees WorldCom pays to other telecom players for the right to access their networks. Shifting Revue into Future - This accounting principle implies that the revenues that were to be earned in the current account period are deferred to a future date. Although not common in practice, it is often undertaken by some corporations and accounting companies. It is argued that future shifting of revenue gives the company future revenue stability. Shifting Expenses into the Present – under this accounting approach, a company may opt to defer some of its future expenses. The company, therefore, can shift its current revenue to the coming accounting period in case of financial challenges during the current accounting period. Shifts to operating cash increases – this principle is based on the idea that under certain circumstances, it would be important to shift the company’s operating cash flows. The increases in the cash flows would therefore impact on the future operations. Misuse of

Reorgnizaing Power in Indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Reorgnizaing Power in Indonesia - Essay Example This essay describes the researchers conducted by Richard Robison himself on the topic of reorgnizaing power in Indonesia. In the first chapter Richard Robison presents the arrival of Soeharto at the head of Indonesia. Robison, quoting Hutchcroft, compares Indonesia’s Administrative Patrimonial State to the Philippines’ Patrimonial Oligarchy explaining that Indonesia had the capacity to implement social reforms as the Philippines did not, therefore giving a strong ground for economic growth. Soeharto decisions about economics were very accurate for Indonesia. Nevertheless, Indonesia did not become an organized liberal market because these advisers were only given specific tasks which even sometimes served other goals than healing the economic status. Robison, in the second chapter analyzed in the essay, presents the impact of the Asian financial crisis in Indonesia and its consequences to the economy. As an introduction, he expresses the confidence of the Indonesian eco nomic leaders and of the World’s financial institutions regarding the strength of the rupiah and the economy. In the third chapter Robison explains the reason of Soeharto’s decline. As he states, it is the Thailand baht crisis that precipitated his fall. The researcher then concluded that even if Soeharto manage by a mockery of election to remain at power in Indonesia, he was forced out of office in May 1998 as he was seen domestically and internationally as playing the leading role in Indonesian’s economic decline.

Phenomenological, ground theory and ethnographic differences Essay

Phenomenological, ground theory and ethnographic differences - Essay Example Despite the strong similarities, grounded theory and phenomenology have several differences. One of the differences is based on sources of data and method of data collection. Grounded theory utilizes any data and explanations that contribute to knowledge acquisition in a particular study. In essence, grounded theory admits any information that is relevant to the study. Methods used in data collection include interviews, observations, and secondary sources. On the other hand, a phenomenological approach uses data from people who have real life experience with the question at hand (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2012). The approach discriminates data from other sources. This means that the approach uses historical facts. Thus, data is often extracted using interviews. The discussion shows that the two approaches have a high similarity index. The similarity is visible in data collection and analysis in that both methods seek to make conclusions based on descriptions from the raw information. However, the approaches are different in terms of sources of data. Grounded theory utilizes data from any sources whereas phenomenological data uses data from persons who have experience with the aspect under

Clement Attlees Government

Clement Attlees Government Whether or not one agrees or disagrees with the policies of Attlees government, which was in power for 6 years, it is undoubtedly one of the most influential governments the UK has been governed by in the 20th century. Attlees policies were controversial, but his legacy has been claimed proudly by the Labour party and many of his policies remain in place even after several Conservative governments were in power. By far the most famous of the achievements of Attlees government is the health care reform that created the National Health Service, providing free health care to all Britons. It was masterminded by Aneurin Bevan, the Minister of Health. He was a Welsh Labour politician, and a left-winger within the Labour Party. Eventually he would resign from his post as the Minister of Labour and lead a group of left-wing Labour MPs. The National Health Service Act dates to 1946. While it is hugely popular today and Conservative governments have not repealed it due to its popularity, there are disadvantages which in those days were more apparent. It was attacked by the Conservatives when it was proposed. Before the National Health Service was established, free treatment was available from some hospitals, and there was national insurance which was introduced by the Liberal government earlier in the 20th century. Although the introduction of the National Health Service created more jobs in the health care industry, and life expectancy increased, in addition to the elimination of the embarrassment of not being able to afford a doctor, the plan needed an increase in tax in order to have been able to be funded. Also, people misused and/or overused the service. This was colloquially called the Dandruff Syndrome, as people went to the doctor for cases that were not medical emergencies. Doctors were overworked and were not granted the freedom they traditionally enjoyed, which caused a lack of incentive for the doctors to work harder now that they had so many more customers. The British Medical Association shared this view and stated that it was against public interest that doctors would be viewed as salaried officers. They have maintained that they were not critical of a public health service, as they have been said to be before. Another issue facing Britain in the post-war years was the issue of housing. In fact, at that time it was considered the single most important issue facing Britain. Many houses had been destroyed during World War II and little houses were built during the war. In 1945 the number of homes had decreased by 700,000 since the beginning of the war in 1939. 157,000 prefabricated houses were built, although they were disliked by Bevan. By 1948, 750,000 new homes had been built. The two housing acts emphasised quality over quantity. This can be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage. Considering the alarming and urgent situation of housing in Britain in that time period, I consider it a disadvantage as it meant that the target that was set was not met. However, the construction of such a significant number of new houses is very impressive and could be considered a success in general. Again, the main issue at hand was the funding of such huge projects, which meant increases in tax we re needed. It must not be denied that although gains were made, the target was not met and therefore it is a failure. This is especially true as the Conservative government under Churchill that succeeded Attlees government did achieve these goals, although they were building upon the successes Labour had already achieved and did not have to initiate the new housing projects. The Education Act was passed by a Conservative called Butler, but Labour was in charge of implementing the reforms that this Act proposed. One of the immediate successes of the Labour government was the installment of a female Minister of Education over 30 years prior to the election of Margaret Thatcher as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. However, the actual achievements of this act are not universally considered to be successful. 35,000 new jobs for teachers were created and almost 1,000 new primary schools were built. This granted opportunities to bright working class children who might have been destined to have a job that didnt utilise their intelligence to the full potential. This improved social mobility and therefore caused the gaps between different classes to become narrower. The school leaving age was raised to 15, which can be considered a success as it was opposed by the treasury. The Act provided opportunities for bright working class children because it recommended a tripartite system of secondary education, encouraging pupils to join technical schools, grammar schools or secondary moderns. Although it succeeded in providing those opportunities, the government failed to implement to the recommended degree the technical schools, which may have meant that there was a lack of skilled workers available for technical jobs in the long run. One of the main reasons why the implementation of this Education Act is often considered as a success is because there was little money to spend on education. However, this in itself can be counted as a failure, especially considering that taxes were increased and that therefore the government may have failed to assign their budget to the right areas effectively enough. One of the aspects of the introduction of the Welfare State was the nationalisation of part of the British economy. The Labour Party wanted to keep true to its party constitution and to its working class roots. The Labour Party Constitutions fourth clause set one of the objectives of the Labour Party to be that workers are sufficiently awarded for their labour, and that therefore the government should control the industry through common ownership. In 1945 it was announced that 20% of the economy would be nationalised. It seemed much more radical than it was. The nationalised companies were often already partially nationalised and the nationalisation rarely affected the internal structure of those companies. It also did not create as much controversy as other aspects of the Welfare State, as Conservative governments had also previously nationalised some companies. The only part which created disagreement between the two main political parties was the nationalisation of iron and steel industries. The government set up the National Coal Board as a public corporation to run coal mines. This created a lot of jobs. While in other times it could have lead to huge disagreements, many capitalists were grateful to the government for funding companies which were not doing well at that time. Other nationalised industries were mainly monopolies, and therefore the government was hardly criticised for it. Although it is arguable that the reforms to the economy changed little, working conditions did in fact improve, especially for miners and farmers. Farmers were given grants to modernise and were guaranteed minimum prices. This allowed output to increase, another success of the governments policy. Another possible success of Labour in this area is its increased appeal to the working class. Another huge factor that made some people view Attlees government as a failure is the winter of 46-47. This winter was extremely cold and there were huge shortages in food and fuel. After a normal December, there was a rapid rise in temperature in January, which caused massive floods, before the temperature started to fall again, causing temperatures of around -20ÂÂ °C. In March, the country was hit by a terrible blizzard. While it is not Attlees fault that this occurred, the minister of fuel and power, Emmanuel Shinwell, was blamed. He had cut electricity and had rations decreased. Another of the solutions of the government was to import large amounts of snoek fish from South Africa. It was disgusting and the governments campaign was very unpopular. Eventually, snoek was used as cat food. The winter of 1946 is often seen as a turning point, as Labour was starting to lose its popularity. The damage had cost the government millions of pounds which could have been used to develop the welfare state. There are some legitimate criticisms of the government about its handling of the crisis, however. For example, the cutting of electricity was not very effective in decreasing power supplies, but it had a huge negative effect on the morale of the people. The governments handling of the crisis is a clear example of Labours policy of austerity, which meant that spending had to be cut and sacrifices had to be made. This policy was introduced in 1947 and marked a turning point for the Labour government. The government was also criticised for not doing enough to fix the damage the crisis had done. Instead, the government continued to believe in Britain as a superpower, and spent a large percentage of its GDP on defence. This also caused controversy within the party, particularly as Britain became more involved in the Cold War, which was opposed by many leading figures within the Labour Party, such as Bevan, the Minister of Health. From a left wing perspective, the foreign policy of Attlees government can be viewed as a failure. Peace did not return to the world completely after World War II. The Cold War was occurring, and there was a serious risk of war with the Soviet Union. While the USA was determined to defend its capitalist allies, Britain wanted, as it still believed itself to be a superpower, a defence of their own. Britain had a nuclear programme since 1940, but its first testing of nuclear weapons occurred in 1952. Although Labour was not in power anymore at that time, it was Attlee who made the decision to develop an atomic bomb. This is normally seen as a message that Britain was strong enough to confront the Soviet Union. However, some have suggested that the Soviet Union approved of Britain having a nuclear bomb because they could then have sovereignty and the power to bargain with the USA. On other points, Attlee also contradicted earlier Labour foreign policies. In 1944, the party had supported the fight against Greek communist guerrillas. It had also contradicted its policies of anti-imperialism by helping France and the Netherlands regain control of regions it lost to Japan in World War II, namely Indochina and the East Indies. At the same time, some of the governments arguable failures in policies were the decolonisation of the British Empire. India and Palestine were partitioned, which caused huge political problems for decades to come. Ernest Bevin, the Labour foreign secretary, did not support Zionism and supported an Arab Palestine. It is therefore a failure of the government that it didnt achieve its partys goals. Britain had to yield to American pressure over Palestine and allowed the United Nations to take a decision on what to do with Palestine. Bevin was a strong supporter of the USA and against communism. He made Britain a founding member of NATO and Britain received Marshall Aid from the USA. He was a proponent of becoming involved in Korea, and this is the most controversial aspect of Britains foreign policy in the years that Labour was in power. Although his pro-American sentiment had already angered some Labour MPs before, British involvement in the Korean War almost ended in the Labour Party splitting. Britain now spent even more of its GDP on defence. Aneurin Bevan eventually resigned from his post after dental care was not provided for free anymore in order to be able to spend more on defence. Harold Wilson, the President of the Board of Trade followed and later Prime Minister, followed. Britains foreign policy in the years that Labour was in power has been said by Peter Hennessy to show that Britain was still determined to be a great power, even if that meant spending a huge percentage of the budget on defence and less money being available for the development of the welfare state. The foreign policy, to me, is a failure because it meant the development of the welfare state was slowed down and the government failed to fully recognise that Britain had lost its power and that it was not in the economic position to be such a power. Also, it weakened their party and according to many, such as Jenna Philips, foreign policy was a decisive factor in the loss of the general election by Labour in 1951. Arguably the most disadvantageous aspect of the Attlee government was the fiscal policy. The huge extent of the reforms required huge government spending and therefore tax had to be raised substantially. The new tax policy of Attlees government, however, was effective in making tax non-regressive by taxing the rich substantially more than the poor and the middle class. This policy made the Labour party very popular with the working class, as thousands did not have to pay any tax. However, it may have become unpopular with the upper class and upper middle class, not only for financial reasons but also because Attlee was trying to bridge social gaps and get rid of the class system. However, taxes were not enough to finance Britain. The effect of World War II was devastating. Britain devoted all its resources to fighting the war. As it could hardly import or export anything, it relied heavily on the Lend-Lease agreement for food and other vital resources to keep it going. At the end of the war, Britain was almost bankrupt. Lives had been lost, homes had been destroyed and Britain would never be the same again. It seems strange that, at that time, Attlee would want to introduce an expensive welfare state, when there are obviously other things to worry about. But where World War II destroyed so much, there was a desire for real change, and for Britain to become a new Jerusalem. However, this could never be achieved by Britain in its economic state of the time. John Maynard Keynes, a famous economist, was sent to negotiate a new loan from the USA. Eventually, it was given, but it was much smaller than the loan that was desired. It was a loan of over 4 billion pound s (which would be worth much more today) which had to be paid back with 2% interest. It wasnt until 2006 that Britain finally paid off its debt to the USA. Britain had expected a subsidy from the USA as recognition of Britains help in defeating Nazi Germany, especially from the years before the USA was involved in the war or at least an interest-free loan. Keynes wanted the Sterling to be convertible to the Dollar, but this was not granted, making the Sterling weaker than the Dollar. Therefore, the loan was a disappointment. According to Alan Sked, a historian, the US didnt truly realise that Britain was virtually bankrupt. It is hard to call this a failure of the British government. In fact, I believe it to be a success of Attlees government to have made so much progress in times of such economic hardship and where the US had not given sufficient financial aid, in addition to the harsh winter of 1946-47. In conclusion, I believe that the Labour government was successful in implementing its reforms, and these reforms and projects had positive results, even if the initial target had not been met. Labour was unlucky to be in power in a time of economic hardship and cold weather. Also, they managed to implement changes without sufficient financial aid from the USA, which can be considered an achievement. The successes of the welfare state for me far outnumber the failures. It was so popular that the Conservatives did not repeal it when they were in power. Labour had created a new type of politics: the politics of consensus. This allowed Britain to remain stable and preserve the great successes of the Labour government and their prime minister Attlee, who is regarded as one of the best prime ministers Britain has had in the 20th century.

Essays --

Now I can say with confidence that I had never figured out when people suffer from the unacceptable loss of a person dear to them. For my part it used to be sympathy, solicitude. When this happened to me, when my grandmother died, I started to realize the anguish people felt when their loved ones pass away. This unbearable pain which rips you apart, it feels like a heavy stone in your heart and makes you weep each time you recall a deceased family member. Time is unlikely to soothe this pain, no matter what others say. Every morning I wake up thinking that she is in the dining room drinking her coffee and watching her favorite TV shows. All of a sudden the truth starts rushing up and I come to realize that it was just a dream which was still hanging around me. In spite of my outward calmness, I felt as if there was a big hole inside me. My grandmother’s death was truly a sobering event and the most traumatic loss in my life. The commemoration of my grandmother will always be with me wherever I go and always tinting my dreams with her gentle smell of rosemary and the glittering silve...

Female Education Essay

Napoleon once said â€Å"Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation. † This statement is enough to prove the importance of female education. Allah has created both man and woman equally. They are like the two sides of a coin. One is incomplete without the other. So, education cannot be the only possession of a single class or sex. Rather, it should be imparted equally to both men and women. Our religion has also made education compulsory for all. In the past, our women folk were confined within the four walls of home. Parents did not allow them to receive education and to participate in any outside work. Early marriage, religious misinterpretation and the narrowness of our outlook were mainly responsible for this. Parents thought it waste of time and money to educate their girls. They did not understand that if girl children were educated they could be as competent as male children. As our women folk constitute almost half of our total population, no real development is possible keeping them uneducated. On the other hand, an educated mother plays a very important role in making and shaping the character of her children. She knows well how to bring up her children, to educate them and to make them worthy. In domestic life, she can also extend her helping hand to her husband. So, there is no alternative to female education. It is a matter of great delight that women have started to come out of their cocoons. Being educated, they are joining a wide range of professions. They have been able to prove their abilities. So, the disadvantages of early marriage and religious misinterpretation must be removed. Our outlook about women must be changed. More schools and colleges for girls should be set up to spread female education. Recently the scenario of female education has started to change. Many socio-economic factors are responsible for this change. All possible facilities of female education have been extended. Education for girls up to degree level has been made free with a monthly stipend. This encourages them to continue their education. We should remember that only educated women can change the picture of our society. So, all of us should come forward to spread female education. The overall state of female education in Bangladesh is not yet satisfactory. In the past, women were in the boundary of their houses. They usually spent their time doing their household chores. They were deprived of education. But the situation has been changed now. Now-a-days, they are admitting into schools, colleges and universities. The rate of literacy in our country is about 60% whereas female literacy is about 40%. Female education is necessary for getting an educated nation. Because, an educated mother can give an educated nation. There are many advantages of female education. A child will never remain illiterate if his/her mother is educated. An educated woman can play various roles in the family. She can impart himself in different business and jobs. As a result, she can contribute to the family income. However, government should do something more to educate the female. â€Å"No need girl’s education, they are born only for taking care of their families†- this idea was stereotype in the early past of Bangladesh. The birth of a boy child was a blessing for the parents and a girl child was like a curse. It is a surprising matter that a girl child also comes like a boy child from mother’s womb and father’s blood but still that child is unexpected to her parents. In reality, a father and mother can never hate their children. Actually, the society made the rule to neglect the girl children. As Bangladesh is considers as a Muslim country, most of its population are Muslim. The Bangladeshi people thought that their religion had ordered them to keep their women and female children inside the house and keep them in safe. As a result, the parents always wanted a male child to earn for the family and protect their old age. From a theological research, it has found that the beliefs which were followed by our ancestors were based on wrong concepts. The holy books actually suggested keeping women in safe, not to confine them into four walls where they do not have any liberty. These books also suggested that a woman can even participate in the warfare if she is able to protect herself. Very slowly but the people started to change their mentality when they were becoming educated and started realizing that it was useless to achieve success without women as a mother is the first teacher of a child. If a mother is illiterate there is much possibility that the child will be uneducated. To cure this problem, Begum Rokeya, the pioneer of giving the light of education to the Muslim Bengali girls. This social movement of educating girls was very slow and at that time people were against of this blessed work. She kept patience and opened a girls’ school. She made people to understand about the benefit of the girl’s education by giving the religious points. Though it took time to convince people, it worked. People understood the necessity of the girls’ education and started sending their daughters into the school. This idea was so effective because a nation can have more achievements if the entire nation works together for success, not the half of the nation. The government also realized that this is an innovative idea and so the†¦ It is the height of selfishness for men, who fully appreciate in their own case the great advantage of a good education, to deny these advantages to women. There is no valid argument by which the exclusion of the female sex from the privilege of education can be defended. It is argued that women have their domestic duties to perform and that, if they were educated, they would bury themselves in their books and have little time for atten ding to the management of their households. Of course, it is possible for women as it is for men to neglect work in order to spare more time for reading sensational novels. But women are no more liable to this temptation than men and most women would be able to do their household work the entire better for being able to refresh their minds in the intervals of leisure with a little reading. Nay, education would even help them in the performance of the narrowest sphere of womanly duty. For education involves knowledge of the means by which health may be preserved and enable a mother to consult such modern books as will tell her how to rear up her children into healthy men and women and skillfully nurse them and her husband, when disease attacks her household. Without education she will not be averse to listen, with fatal results, to the advice of superstitious quacks that pretend to work wonder by charms and magic. But, according to higher conception of women’s sphere, women ought to be something more than a household drudge. She ought to be able not merely to nurse her husband in sickness but also to be his companion in health. For this part of her wifely duty, education is necessary, for there cannot be congenial companionship between an educated husband and an uneducated wife who can converse with her husband on no higher subject than cookery and servant’s wages. Also, one of a mother’s highest duties is the education of her children at the time when their mind is not amenable to instruction. A child’s whole future life, to a large extent, depends on the teaching it receives in early childhood and it is needless to say that this first foundation of education cannot be well laid by an ignorant mother. On all these grounds female education is a vital necessity. Gender inequality in education is extreme. Girls are less likely to access school, to remain in school or to achieve in education. Education helps men and women claim their rights and realise their potential in the economic, political and social arenas. It is also the single most powerful way to lift people out of poverty. Education plays a particularly important role as a foundation for girls’ development towards adult life. It should be an intrinsic part of any strategy to address the gender-based discrimination against women and girls that remains prevalent in many societies. The following links will further explain the necessity of girls’/women’s education. Education is a right Cultural changes Better health and awareness Poverty reduction Education is a right Everybody has the right to education, which has been recognised since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The right to free and compulsory primary education, without discrimination and of good quality, has been reaffirmed in all major international human rights conventions. Many of these same instruments encourage, but do not guarantee, post-primary education. These rights have been further elaborated to address issues like quality and equity, moving forward the issue of what the right to education means, and exploring how it can be achieved. As a minimum: states must ensure that basic education is available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable for all. (4A scheme) The right of girls to education is one of the most critical of all rights – because education plays an important role in enabling girls and women to secure other rights. Cultural changes Cultural and traditional values stand between girls and their prospects for education. The achievement of girls’ right to education can address some of societies’ deeply rooted inequalities, which condemn millions of girls to a life without quality education – and, therefore, also all too often to a life of missed opportunities. Improving educational opportunities for girls and women helps them to develop skills that allow them to make decisions and influence community change in key areas. One reason for denying girls and women their right to an education is rarely articulated by those in charge: that is their fear of the power that girls will have through education. There is still some resistance to the idea that girls and women can be trusted with education. Education is also seen in some societies as a fear of change and now with globalization, the fear becomes even greater- fear to lose the cultural identity, fear of moving towards the unknown or the unwanted, fear of dissolving in the many others. Better health Basic education provides girls and women with an understanding of basic health, nutrition and family planning, giving them choices and the power to decide over their own lives and bodies. Women’s education leads directly to better reproductive health, improved family health, economic growth, for the family and for society, as well as lower rates of child mortality and malnutrition. It is also key in the fight against the spread of HIV & AIDS. Poverty reduction Educating girls and women is an important step in overcoming poverty. Inequality and poverty are not inevitable. â€Å"The focus on poverty reduction enables the right to education to be a powerful tool in making a change in the lives of girls and women. Poverty has been universally affirmed as a key obstacle to the enjoyment of human rights, and it has a visible gender profile. The main reason for this is the fact that poverty results from violations of human rights, including the right to education, which disproportionately affect girls and women. Various grounds of discrimination combine, trapping girls in a vicious downward circle of denied rights. Denial of the right to education leads to exclusion from the labour market and marginalisation into the informal sector or unpaid work. This perpetuates and increases women’s poverty. †

Julius Ceasar essays

Julius Ceasar essays [Caesar] proceeded by forced marches to the territory of the Nervii, and there learnt from prisoners what was happening in [Quintus] Ciceros camp, and how critical the position was. He then induced one of his Gallic horsemen... to convey a letter to Cicero, which he wrote in Greek characters, for fear it might be intercepted and his plans known to the enemy. If he was unable to get into the camp, the man was to tie the letter to the thong of a javelin and throw it in over the rampart. The letter informed Cicero that Caesar was on the way with some legions and would be there shortly, and told him to keep up a bold front. Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico. One of the most important men in Roman history said that, Julius Caesar. This essay will address many aspects of Caesars life from birth, up to his death, and also how his death was avenged. This will be told through a few sources, which will be mentioned later on. Julius Caesar was going to be a very influential and powerful leader someday but first he had to have his beginnings. Some sources say that Julius Caesar was born around the years 102 B.C. or 100 B.C. during the month of Quinctilis. Quinctilis is now known as July it was named from Julius to honor him. He was a descendant of a poor patrician family, which had ties to the Roman Senate. The Caesars regained political influence when Julius aunt married a general and consul member named Gaius Marius. Some sources say Caesar was the Flamen Dialis (high priest) of Jupiter. He would have gotten this position from either Marius or an ally named Cornelius Cinna, but its not known if he actually held the position or he was just nominated for it. After this a man named Sulla, who was Dictator of Rome, gave Caesar his chance at military excellence. Sulla over took the Marian party and was than dictator. Caesar had to flee to try and save his own life and went into hiding, because S ...

5 top jobs in human resources guaranteed to pay big bucks

5 top jobs in human resources guaranteed to pay big bucks Jobs at the top in the HR department often require master’s degrees, years of experience, and more specialized knowledge – but they also come with higher salaries. If you’re in the human resources field (or are looking to enter it and climb the ranks), possess strong interpersonal skills, and want to set your sights higher, cultivating another area of expertise within the field may help. Here are 5 jobs to aspire to on your career journey.Human Resources ManagerOf course, one of the top jobs has to be the top spot in a human resources department. This requires years of experience and most often an MBA, as well as interpersonal skills and the talent and experience to be a manager. The human resources manager oversees the hiring process of new employees from recruitment to interviews to offers; they also are involved with strategic planning and connect upper management to employees. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the top-grossing industry for Hu man Resources Managers is Monetary Authorities and Banking Industries, with an annual mean salary of $182,800. The annual median salary for the position is $110,120.Compensation and Benefits ManagerAlso in a key managerial role, the compensation and benefits manager oversees your salary- and comes with its own nice salary too. Oftentimes this role is about reducing costs while ensuring employees receive appropriate benefits, so this type of manager evaluates new strategies like â€Å"pay-for-performance.† Hiring trends for this type of position look good, as organizations will always need this job type to assess benefits policies and design compensation packages. On the other hand, some duties of this role may increasingly be outsourced to human resources consulting firms. Even so, it is likely to remain a competitive job in the field. The annual median pay for this job is $119,120, according to BLS.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Executive RecruiterPeople in this position, also known as â€Å"head hunters,† are responsible for finding top talent and matching talent to organizational needs. The recruiter is the prime â€Å"people person† position in HR, and the executive recruiter fills the top positions for a company- like the CEO. This role requires the expertise to network and find the top talent for the very top of a company. It’s hard to pin down a median salary for this job- it often gets paid on retainer because it is so lucrative.Human Resources SpecialistAccording to the BLS, the annual median pay for this job is $60,350. However this figure can be deceptive because â€Å"human resources specialist† is such a broad category. Let’s look at two types of specialists that are likely to be paid higher and be in high demand.HR Analytics SpecialistBy developing and implementing HR analytics, these specialists perform statistical analysis of data and create and communicate reports, identifying trends to improve the overall hiring process. In this role, you help identify areas of strength and weakness to help keep a company competitive. This position generally requires a background in statistics, but the outlook for this job depends on the changing technology for this area of specialization. Anyone with a statistical background in HR should also keep up with changing tech trends, as data analytic tools may soon become the domain of machine learning and AI- but so long as we need a person to communicate the data, this role will likely still be a vital part of HR strategy.HR IT SpecialistThis position will be in high demand as HR departments adapt to changing technology. For those in human resources who are extremely tech-savvy and also have a background in IT, this can be a lucrative and in-demand role. Expertise in the latest software will be vital. Tech can already aid recruitment, candidate engagement, targeted marketing, and management of job campaigns- expe rts in this position will help HR departments stay competitive and make them vital to an organization.HR StrategistWhile the HR manager might be the big fish in a small pond, the HR strategist is in a much bigger pond. It’s tough to nail down a median salary for this position, as it varies from industry to industry, but it’s high up in the chain. This position is usually involved in very large organizations or government positions, where strategic planning for hiring requires a strategy team rather than an individual HR manager or top-level executive. The HR strategist is a problem-solver, a planner, and a communicator who coordinates people across departments and all levels of an organization, helping to design and implement long-term HR strategic plans.

Amazon vs. Borders Books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Amazon vs. Borders Books - Essay Example Having seen the huge growths of Borders, Kmart acquired it in 1992 and renamed the company name as Border Group. It started international expansion during the latter periods of 1990’s and started its first international office in Singapore in 1997. Subsequently the company was expanded to many other overseas countries and was in good shape till 2004. However, it started to face many problems from 2004 onwards and currently one the verge of destruction. It filed bankruptcy suit for closing its 200 stores in 2011. Comparison of the management approaches each company took to Internet marketing and sales Amazon formulated many strategies to keep the visitors for longer periods in its website. They were aware of the fact that spending more time by surfers in their website may definitely increase their sales. They did everything possible to tie up the visitors in their website. Since majority of the internet surfers are teenagers, Amazon focused more in catering the needs of the tee nagers while they visit Amazon’s website. In short, Amazon’s internet marketing strategies were primarily based on the teenage community. Advertising, E-retailing, Channeling, ,  Affiliation, Franchising, Subscription etc were some of the internet marketing approaches developed and implemented by Amazon management for exploiting the market opportunities. On the other hand, Borders committed so many strategic blunders which brought many challenges to the existence of the company. For example, â€Å"Borders made a major strategic error in 2001 when it handed off its online business to Amazon†(Wahba, 2011). Instead of exploiting the opportunities in online business, Borders tried to stay away from it. They thought... The essay "Amazon vs. Borders Books" talks about the activity and competition of two largest booksellers in the world. The paper analyzes why in different situations one of them was successful and the other one was a failure. Amazon.com is currently one of the topmost online booksellers in the world. It was started in the mid-1990s and was not profitable in the first few years. However, with innovative business strategies, it overcame the initial challenges and became the leader in online bookselling. On the other hand, Borders Books was the second largest bookseller in America. It was started in 1971. Until 2004, Borders faced little problems and was running profitable. However, after 2004, it started to face many management and business problems which forced them to file for Chapter 11 in 2011. The management of Amazon adapted wonderfully to the changing market conditions whereas Borders failed to do so. While Amazon was quick to realize the opportunities in online business, Borders failed to recognize it. Amazon has introduced customer friendly websites to attract the online customers whereas Borders relied heavily on the abilities of sales staff in selling their books from its store. Amazon produced innovative websites with the help of modern technologies to communicate effectively with the customers. Interactive components were some of the facilities available in amazon websites. Borders stayed completely away from its online customers and it was a major blunder committed by the company.

Descartes First Meditation paper and Moore's Certainty paper Essay

Descartes First Meditation paper and Moore's Certainty paper - Essay Example Descartes work was centered on the issues that challenge one’s ability to be certain about something. His path to establish certainty begins a state of doubt. It is this doubt that prompts him to choose to demolish all the knowledge he had in the past (Descartes 87). He will then start afresh through testing the validity of things before being certain of their existence. He searches to establish a foundation of philosophy that cannot be shaken. This is because much of the knowledge he obtained in the past was through senses that at times are deceptive. In this he highlights, it is somehow difficult to distinguish when one is asleep and when awake. He majors on meditation, which is regarded as a philosophical classic. However, he provocatively pursues the issues to do with these important matters. Provocatively, Moore challenges the argument concerning ones inability to know whether he is dreaming. In the logical inversion of Descartes argument, Moore argues that, if one knows not that he is dreaming, one knows not that he standing. Additionally, people is unsure of his standing and realize that he is not hallucinating, (Moore 30). This is logical since one can only dream when asleep. Additionally, one can be dreaming or think he is standing and in actual sense, he is standing. This is the only case where dreaming and thinking to standing and standing at the same time is consistent. Moore’s concern on external world’s existence is evident. Given the reality, it is impractical to prove its existence. According to him, so many oppositions can, be used to prove the existence of the external world. In his illustration to demonstrate the fact about the existence of the world, he uses his hands. For instance, when he holds up his hands, it is certain that he is holding up his hands. The conclusion from the above illustration shows it is true that he has hands. If it has truth in it, more illustrations are also true. About external world issue, similar proofs can be used to tell the existence of it (Kim and Sosa 30). While Descartes says that dreams have taken place, he not sure he is dreaming. This is to mean that he does not know that the dreaming has taken place. In evaluating Descartes ides, â€Å"doubt† and â€Å"thinking† brings inconsistency the ideas. Descartes is unsure of his existence, although he thinks he does. The reason validating his doubt is that he may be dreaming or is being deceived by a demon that he exists. The reason for him to think he exists is th at he is only thinking without any objective proof of his existence. The proof about his existence is only subjective. He is unable to convince others of his existence, (Moore 34). Descartes argument has weaknesses and strengthens. He says that all things he knew as truth in his childhood have been falsehoods. This is a weak argument because; lack of proof cannot guarantee one to assume it is false. He later justifies his attempt to ruin that entire truth he had known over years and started afresh. He wanted something that had a strong foundation that did not rest on mere assumptions and feelings (Descartes 87). This is quite right to be passionate to do away with former opinions unless tested to be true. Additionally, he says not all the ideas and information he has is false. He makes an excuse that, for the opinions that he is not certain with, he will not touch on them. This gives a loophole for doubt and uncertainty. To assess which opinions are not certain would be a tedious jo b; therefore, he will not go through

Themes The suffering body by compare the work 2 artist Louise Essay

Themes The suffering body by compare the work 2 artist Louise Bourgeois and Francis Bacon in different and similar approach under the theme of Suffering Bo - Essay Example Artists such as Louise Bourgeois and Francis Bacon (listed in their fields respectively) recognize and accept these changes and interpret them in their artworks. Art began around 15 000 BC, often favouring drawing over colour in forms such as cave paintings. There have been changes from emphasis on geometrical shapes such as mosaics and arches, religious and gothic-based, in which art evolved from it's two dimensions and was practised in sculpture format, the Victorian and art Nouveau-influenced craft movements in which art became decoration through to Dada in which the art was taken off the canvas - new materials and exhibiting practises were used to encourage stronger responses from the audience. Subject matter had changed from communicative, to aesthetic, to political, social and emotional. Dada was the jump-off point for performance art. The origin is said to be found in 1917 in Zurich, where several notable Dadaists, spoke nonsensical words to complement nonsense acts to protest the Great War and the importance f art in general: "...No more cute art in frames, no more static art that only makes the Philistines richer." An integral part f the ritual f performance art is it's ephemerality - it is not static like most artworks. After it is finished nothing will be the same again and nothing is left. Performance art is described as unprecedented and because f its originality, it is difficult to censor. It is very relevant to its time because f the short period f time needed between the process f conception and performance and political, social and philosophical views can be explored in-depth such as in the 1970's and in the 1980's in which "Queer Theatre" was founded in which homosexual issues were dealt with. It occupies an environment with specific objects and actions for a specific amount f time and because f the brevity and intent f the artwork, everything present has a meaning. Performance art also brings another change to the world f the artwork - the role f the audience. It is made to be watched and experienced in the moment specifically for those who witness it, therefore, the audience has a much more integral part. As the audience is generally small, there can be much interaction between them and the artist and the experience is much more direct and the message is more vigorously felt because f the proximity and actuality f the piece. What happens on stage can affect the audience and the artist more directly views their response. The audience can be loud, angry or irritating and what the audience does can affect the actors on stage unlike with other fixed artworks, whatever the audience does, (aside from vandalising it) the artwork will not change. Louise Bourgeois is a forerunner in performance art. His performance works are often structured around the confines f the artist's own body and often have a deeply impacting affect upon his audiences because f their graphically disturbing nature. For example, in 1977, he created the illusion f cutting off one f his arms with a small axe after stuffing meat into a shirtsleeve fitted with a prosthetic hand. In 2000 he impounded himself in a small cell-like confinement, without

Educational In Cambodia Essay Example for Free

Educational In Cambodia Essay Education is very important means to train and build up human resources for development of each country and it is also important for development of child as person. However, educational system in Cambodia has suffered too much during Khmer Rouge Regime from 1975 to 1979. After that period, the government has tried to improve it by cooperated and collaborated with external aid and non-governmental organization (NGOs). According to the Cambodian constitution, it states that â€Å"the state shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public school. Citizens shall receive education for at least seven years†. Nowadays, though the pupils have no pay the fee, they still have to spend money on other things such as stationery, textbooks, contribution fee etc. Moreover, some provinces students are asked to spent money to teacher for fee; this is the problem that prevent pupil from poor families from attending school. About a half a million Cambodian children from 6 to 11 years old have no access to school, then 50percent of those who entered grade one dropped out of school and had to repeat the class. Those problems are caused by video games, karaoke and the presence of brothel for the students in city, and for female pupils, they could not attend school because of many problems. First, parents are poor, so they cannot provide children to learn and sometime they need their children, especially the girls, to earn money to support the family. Second, the schools are located too far away from their house. Only boy can go to school at some distance from home because they have given accommodation in pagodas near the school. The last one is some parents do not understand about the important of education, so they do not allow their children to attend school. Moreover, the ministry of education has not provided adequate education for minority children. Many children cannot access to school, and there is no provision for schooling in minority languages except for classes provided by private ethic associations. Even though some organizations co-operated with government to provide school for those, this effort is not yet enough. Then, the quality of education in Cambodia is very poor, especially in remote area such as Kompongthom, Kompongcham, Ratanakiri province and so on.

MPLS-Traffic Engineering

MPLS-Traffic Engineering I. Webserver We will be using apache web server in our project. The Apache HTTP Server Project is a synergistic programming improvement exertion went for making a hearty, business grade, featureful, and unreservedly accessible source code execution of a HTTP (Web) server. The undertaking is together overseen by a gathering of volunteers placed as far and wide as possible, utilizing the Internet and the Web to convey, arrange, and add to the server and its connected documentation. This undertaking is a piece of the Apache Software Foundation. Likewise, several clients have contributed thoughts, code, and documentation to the venture. This record is expected to quickly portray the historical backdrop of the Apache HTTP Server and perceive the numerous donors. Figure 1. Apache General Structure. In Figure 1 we can see the general diagram of apache webserver that how it will work and how it is connected in our scenario. II. File Server We will be using Turnkey as a file server in our project. A simple to utilize file server that joins Windows-good system file offering to a propelled online file chief and incorporates help for SMB, SFTP and rsync file exchange protocols. The server is designed to permit server clients to oversee files in private or open stockpiling. In view of Samba and AjaXplorer. This machine incorporates all the standard gimmicks in TurnKey Core, and on top of that: 1. SSL backing out of the case. 2. Webmin module for arranging Samba. 3. Incorporates mainstream squeezing help (zip, rar, bz2). 4. Incorporates flip to change over content file endings in the middle of UNIX and DOS groups. 5. Preconfigured wordgroup: WORKGROUP 6. Preconfigured netbios name: FILESERVER 7. Configured Samba and UNIX clients/bunches synchronization (CLI and Webmin). 8. Configured root as managerial samba client. In Figure 2 we will show you that how file server is working in our project. Figure.2 Internal connectivity of file server III. Proxy server There are many proxy server to choose but we have chosen Squid linex proxy server because it’s fast and secure. The Squid Web Proxy Cache is a completely offered Internet storing server that handles a wide range of web demands for a client. At the point when a client asks for a web asset (website page, motion picture cut, realistic, etc..), their solicitation is sent to the storing server which then advances the appeal to the genuine web server for their sake. At the point when the asked for asset is come back to the reserving server, it stores a duplicate of the asset in its cache and after that advances the solicitation again to the first client. Whenever somebody asks for a duplicate of the cached asset, it is conveyed straightforwardly from the nearby proxy server and not from the inaccessible web server (contingent upon time of asset etc). Utilizing a proxy server can enormously diminish web scanning velocity if every now and again went by locales and assets are put away provincially in the cache. There are additionally monetary investment funds to be picked up in case youre a substantial association with numerous Internet clients or even a little home client that has a portion remittance for downloads. There are numerous ways a proxy can be advantageous to all systems. The squid proxy has such a large number of peculiarities, access controls and other configurable things, that it is difficult to cover the majority of the settings here. This section will give some fundamental setup settings (which is all that’s needed) to empower the server, and give access controls to keep unapproved clients from getting access to the Internet through your proxy. The design file has been archived greatly well by the designers and ought to give enough data to help your set up, however in the event that you dont realize what a setting does, dont touch it. Since you have effectively arranged your Squid proxy server, you will need to arrange the majority of your workstations on your inward system to have the capacity to utilize it; this may appear like a long errand relying upon how enormous your inner system is. It likewise implies that you will need to physically arrange the greater part of your applications that unite with remote web servers for data/ information trade, this incorporates all web programs, infection redesign applications and other such utilities. Hmm, this could take a while. One incredible gimmick of Squid is that is can be utilized as a HTTPD quickening agent, and when arranged in conjunction with an iptables sidetrack guideline, it will get to be straightforward to your system. Why? since we will no more need to setup the greater part of our applications on our workstations to utilize the proxy, now we can divert all HTTP asks for as they get through our firewall to utilize our straightforward proxy rather; less demanding organization. A critical point before undertaking, straightforward intermediaries CAN NOT be utilized for HTTPS associations over SSL (Port 443). This would break the server to customer SSL association dependant upon your security and classifiedness of the protocol, it could likewise permit a man in the center assault due to caught (proxied) parcels. Figure.3 Proxy server connectivity. IV. DNS Server At its most fundamental level, the DNS gives a dispersed database of name-to-address mappings spread over a progression Of nameservers. The namespace is apportioned into a chain of command of areas and subdomains with every area managed freely By a legitimate nameserver. Nameservers store the mapping of names to addresses in asset records, each having a related TTL field that decides to what extent the section can be stored by different nameservers in the framework. A vast TTL worth diminishes the heap on the nameserver however confines the recurrence of redesign engendering through the framework. Figure 4. Basic DNS operation Nameservers can actualize iterative or recursive questions. In an iterative inquiry, the nameserver returns either a response to the Inquiry from its neighborhood database (maybe stored information), or a referral to an alternate nameserver that may have the capacity to answer the question. In taking care of a recursive inquiry, the nameserver gives back a last reply, questioning some other nameservers important to intention the name. Most nameservers inside the chain of importance are arranged to send and acknowledge just iterative inquiries. Nearby nameservers, on the other hand, commonly acknowledge recursive inquiries from customers (i.e., endhosts). Figure 4 delineates how a customer commonly discovers the location of an administration utilizing DNS. The customer application utilizes a resolver, typically actualized as a set of working framework library schedules, to make a recursive inquiry to its nearby nameserver. The nearby nameserver may be designed statically (e.g., in a framework document), or rapidly utilizing conventions like DHCP or PPP. After making the solicitation, the customer holds up as the neighborhood nameserver iteratively tries to determination the name (www.service.com in this case). The neighborhood nameserver first sends an iterative inquiry to the root to determination the name (steps 1 and 2), however since the subdomain service.com has been assigned, the root server reacts with the location of the legitimate nameserver for the sub-area, i.e., ns.service.com (step 3)1. The customers nameserver then questions ns.service.com and gets the IP location of www.service.com (steps 4 and 5). At long last The nameserver furnishes a proportional payback to the customer (step 6) and the customer has the capacity interface with the server (step 7). V. VPN and Firewall We are using 2 types of VPN here.The first one is. 1. Site-to-site VPN A site-to-site VPN permits multiple business locales in altered areas to make secure associations with each Other over an open system, for example, the Internet. It additionally gives extensibility to assets by making them accessible to Workers at different areas. 2. Access VPN A remote-access VPN permits singular clients to build secure associations with a remote PC system. These clients can get to the safe assets on that system as though they were specifically connected to the systems servers. Gimmicks in VPN à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Provide broadened associations crosswise over multiple geographic areas without utilizing a rented line. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Improved security instrument for information by utilizing encryption strategies. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Provides adaptability for remote work places and workers to utilize the business intranet over a current Internet Association as though theyre specifically joined with the system à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Saves time and cost for representatives who drive from virtual working environments à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · VPN is favored over rented line since leases are extravagant, and as the separation between business locales builds, the Expense of rented line increment. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · IPsec VPN and SSL VPN are two arrangements of VPN which are broadly utilized as a part of WLAN. Figure 5. VPN connectivity with our router. As a firewall we are using IPtables. Iptables/Netfilter is the most prevalent order line based firewall. It is the first line of safeguard of a Linux server security. Numerous framework managers use it for calibrating of their servers. It channels the parcels in the system stack inside the bit itself. You can discover a nittier gritty diagram of Iptables here. Peculiarities of IPtables 1. It records the substance of the parcel channel ruleset. 2. it’s exceptionally quick on the grounds that it assesses just the parcel headers. 3. You can Add/Remove/Modify tenets as per your needs in the bundle channel rulesets. 4. Posting/focusing every standard counters of the parcel channel rulesets. 5. Helps Backup and reclamation with documents. X. Conclusion In this project there was so much stuff to learn about we have seen so many different kind of servers and it was difficult to decide what which server we should use Microsoft or Linux but we have seen in most of the cases Linux server were free and also very secure so we thought we will be using Linux server and In this project we have designed a perfect network design which is flawless. In figure 6 we have shown our whole network design. Figure 6. Complete Network Design. . Acknowledgment We are really grateful to complete our project with the time given by our professor Dr Hassan Raza. This project cannot be completed without the efforts and contribution of my group partner. We also thank our professor Dr Hassan Raza for his guidance. References [1] P. Mockapetris, â€Å"Domain names – concepts and facilities,† Internet Request for Comments (RFC 1034), November 1987. [2] Paul Albitz and Cricket Liu, DNS and BIND, O’Reilly and Associates, 1998 [3] Weili Huang and Fanzheng Kong. The research of VPN over WLAN. [4] CarIton Rà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½Davisà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½The security implementation of IPSec VPN [M] à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ [5] Baohong He, Tianhui. Technology of IPSec VPN [M]. Beijing: Posts Telecom press, 2008, 7. [6] NetGear VPN Basics (www.documentation.netgear.com/reference/esp/vpn/ VPNBasics-3-05.html)